New Concerns on Robotic Surgeries

     In early March 2009, Erin Izumi, a woman in her 30s from Tacoma, Wash., underwent robotically assisted surgery to treat endometriosis. The operation at St. Joseph Medical Center dragged on for nearly 11 hours.

Definition Control System

     
     A system designed / developed with the aim of controlling the output of the system based on feedback given (so that the resulting output system has a certain value as expected).
Examples of control systems

Resistor Carbon Trunk (Arang)

At first, these resistors are made from rugged carbon material wrapped around the wire which is then marked with color-coded bands shaped and reading can be seen in the table are color coded. Type of resistor is also a type of resistor early generations after the resistor wire.

How to Wire Resistors in a Series & in Parallel

Resistors are an essential component in electronic circuits that provide controlled impedance to the voltage and current running through the circuit. Resistors can be wired in two different ways within a circuit: series or parallel. Both options have their own specific benefits and uses, and it is essential that the correct wiring option is selected for your circuit as the resistors behave differently in each configuration.

Electrical capacitance tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a method for determination of the dielectric permittivity distribution in the interior of an object from external capacitance measurements. It is a close relative of electrical impedance tomography^[1] and is proposed as a method for industrial process monitoring, although it has yet to see widespread use.

Thermometer digital

A medical thermometer, also known as a clinical thermometer, is used for measuring human body temperature. The tip of the thermometer is inserted into the mouth under the tongue (oral or sub-lingual temperature), under the armpit (axillary temperature), or into the rectum via the anus (rectal temperature).

example Audit volt

A.     Pendahuluan

Warna tanah merupakan salah satu sifat fisik tanah yang perlu diketahui, karena dapat dijadikan petunjuk adanya sifat-sifat khusus dari tanah tersebut. Tanah berwarna gelap mencirikan kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi, warna kelabu menunjukkan pengaruh air yang dominan, warna merah menunjukkan bahwa tanah sudah mengalami pelapukan yang lanjut. Warna tanah ditentukan dengan cara membandingkannya dengan warna yang terdapat pada Munsell Soil Color Chart. Warna dinyatakan dengan tiga satuan yaitu kilap (HUE), nilai (VALUE) dan kroma (CHROMA), menurut nama yang tercantum dalam jalur yang bersangkutan. Kilap berhubungan dengan panjang gelombang cahay, nilai berhubungan dengan kebersihan warna dan kroma adalah kemurnian relatif dari spektrum warna.

"10 Reasons", which aims to society that does not rely on nuclear power

The nuclear phase-out, "and issuing only removal from society of a nuclear power plant (nuclear power plant)" as its name. But, why, we do we have to aim nuclear phase. I would like to talk to think CNIC is particularly important in the answer that there is a number, the "10 reasons" of Nuclear Power.

Biogas

Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It is a renewable energy source, like solar and wind energy. Furthermore, biogas can be produced from regionally available raw materials and recycled waste and is environmentally friendly.
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material, and crops.^[1] Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), moisture and siloxanes.

NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION

Nuclear Power Stations use a fuel called uranium, a relatively common material. Energy is released from uranium when an atom is split by a neutron. The uranium atom is split into two and as this happens energy is released in the form of radiation and heat. This nuclear reaction is called the fission process

How Nuclear Power Works ?

The nuclear power plant stands on the border between humanity's greatest hopes and its deepest fears for the future.
On one hand, atomic energy offers a clean energy alternative that frees us from the shackles of fossil fuel dependence. On the other, it summons images of disaster: quake-ruptured Japanese power plants belching radioactive steam, the dead zone surrounding Chernobyl's concrete sarcophagus.

Digital Communication (Practical considerations)

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the monitoring and control of real-life processes must often occur quickly and at set times, is the guaranteed maximum communication time from one node to another. If you're controlling the position

Digital Communication (Network protocols)

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and voltage levels, connector pinouts, cabling, topology, etc.), there needs to be a standardized way in which communication is arbitrated between multiple nodes in a network, even if its as simple

Digital Communication (Network topology)

If we want to connect two digital devices with a network, we would have a kind of network known as "point-to-point:"

Digital Communication (Optical data communication)

A modern alternative to sending (binary) digital information via electric voltage signals is to use optical (light) signals. Electrical signals from digital circuits (high/low voltages) may be converted into discrete optical signals (light or no light) with LEDs or solid-state lasers.

Digital Communication (Electrical signal types)

With BogusBus, our signals were very simple and straightforward: each signal wire (1 through 5) carried a single bit of digital data, 0 Volts representing "off" and 24 Volts DC representing "on." Because all the bits arrived at their destination simultaneously, we would call BogusBus a parallel network technology. If we were to improve the performance of BogusBus by adding binary encoding

Digital Communication (Data flow)

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur between individual devices that are interconnected. The flow of information, or data, between nodes can take a variety of forms:

Digital Communication (Networks and busses)

This collection of wires that I keep referring to between the tank and the monitoring location can be called a bus or a network. The distinction between these two terms is more semantic than technical, and the two may be used interchangeably for all practical purposes. In my experience, the term "bus" is usually used in reference to a set of wires connecting digital components within the enclosure of a computer device, and "network" is for something that is physically more widespread. In recent years, however, the word "bus" has gained popularity in describing networks that specialize in interconnecting discrete instrumentation sensors over long distances ("Fieldbus" and "Profibus" are two examples).

Digital Communication (Introduction)

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often necessary to have one device communicate digital information to and from other devices. One advantage of digital information is that it tends to be far more resistant to transmitted and interpreted errors than information symbolized in an analog medium. This accounts for the clarity of digitally-encoded telephone connections,

Digital-analog Conversion (Practical considerations of ADC circuits)

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution. Resolution is the number of binary bits output by the converter. Because ADC circuits take in an analog signal, which is continuously variable, and resolve it into one of many discrete steps, it is important to know how many of these steps there are in total.

Digital-analog Conversion( Delta-Sigma () ADC)

One of the more advanced ADC technologies is the so-called delta-sigma, or ΔΣ (using the proper Greek letter notation). In mathematics and physics, the capital Greek letter delta (Δ) represents difference or change, while the capital letter sigma (Σ) represents summation: the adding of multiple terms together. Sometimes this converter is referred to by the same Greek letters in reverse order: sigma-delta, or ΣΔ.
In a ΔΣ converter, the analog input voltage

Digital-analog Conversion (Slope (integrating) ADC)

So far, we've only been able to escape the sheer volume of components in the flash converter by using a DAC as part of our ADC circuitry. However, this is not our only option. It is possible to avoid using a DAC if we substitute an analog ramping circuit and a digital counter with precise timing.